A spectrum of Doppler waveforms in the carotid and vertebral arteries.

1695 he central focus of carotid Doppler sonography studies is the detection and characterization of atherosclerotic disease and stenosis. Doppler sonography samples are used primarily to quantify velocity elevations at sites of stenosis. However, more subtle clues to disease are contained in the shape and contour of the Doppler sonography waveform itself. Aberrations of waveform morphology can signal regional disease in the carotid and vertebral vessels, remote cardiovascular disease, and iatrogenic conditions.